Electrical apparatus



Aug. 11, 1931. E. DICKEY ET A.. A 1,818,047

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS- Filed Feb. 2B, 1929 ,g @QQ @L49 v IIIIIIIIIIIII SH01 nu,

Patented Aug. Il, 1931 UNITED -sTATEs PATENT OFFICE DICXEY AND Fm F. STARR, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOBS T 'DE-LOO-LIGHT HPANY, 01 DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE 4lt'laltcrmcar. APPARATUS Appnnun ma rem-ur, 33, 1333. semi lo. 343,331.

This invention relates to electrical systems of the type which include a prime mover, electrica apparatus adapted to be driven by the prime vmove-r, and more particularly 5 the automatic control for such systems.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide improved means for regulating the output of the electrical apparatus adapted to be driven bythe prime mover inaccordance with a load demand on a work circuit supplied by the'electrical a paratus.

. Another object is toprovi e improved means for regulating the speed of the prime and this may be accom lished by voltage responsive means adapte toycontrol the output of the electrical apparatus.

Another object is to .provide lmproved means for starting a prime mover, prefer-4 ably an internal combustionengine, and this ,may be accomplished by4 opening a throttle therefor relatively wide during cranking` of Ithe engine.

Further objects and advantages of the' 3o resent invention will be apparent from the ollowing description, reference being .had to the accompanymg drawing, `wherein .a prec ferred form of the present invention is v clearly' shown. In the drawing:

- The figure in the drawing is a wiring diagram illustrating the present invention. In the, drawing 20 designates a prime mover herein shown as an internal combus- 40.tion engine having a shaft 21 which drives the electrical apparatus or dynamo 22 having main brushes- 23 and'24 connected with the armature of the dynamo and havinga starting series field winding 25 and a shunt Iieldwindingb.-

interrupting the ilow of current The ignition apparatus vcomprises an ignition coil rimary 30, an ignition timer 31 andI an ignltion coil seconda-ry 32 which is connected with an engine spark plug 33.

A choke 34 for forming a proper mixture of gasoline and lair for starting 'the prime mover, and a throttle 35 for regulating the speed of the prime mover, are a apted to be actuated by the controls 36 and 37 respec-" tively.

,The dynamo 22 is adapted to`rotate the shaft 21 of the prime mover 20, when acting as a startin motor, receiving current from,

demand. ,The current to the line 39 willv flow from the battery 38 through the following circuit: battery 38, wire-40, series winding 41 of the control 37, wire 42, wire 43, contact 44, Wire 45, contacts 4'6 and 47, wire48`,

translating devices or. lights 49, wiren50, series winding 51 of a starting switch relay 52,

Wire 53, wire 54, ammeter 55 and wire 56. A

low voltage cutout 57 is adapted to break the engagement of contacts 46 and 47 when the voltage of the battery 38 is less than a predetermined low value.

carries the contact 46, ya metal core 59 and a across the line 39. When the voltage of the battery is less than a predetermined low value, the coil 60 will not magnetize the core 59 suiciently to hold the armature 58. Thiscauses the armature to descend by separate contact 46 from contact 4 -thereby trom lthe battery 38 to the line 39. l y

When there is a load demand for current the service line The low voltage cutf out 57 includes a pivoted armature 58 which vmagnet coil 60 having its ends connected gravity to on the line 39 in excess of a predetermined value, for example 9 amperes, .the starting switch relay 52 operates in response to such demand to engage contact 61 with contact 62. The closing of contacts 61 and 62 allows current to flow from the battery 38 to the various circuits necessary for rendering the prime mover 20 automatically operative to drive the dynamo 22 to supply current to the line 39 and battery 38. The starting switch relay 52 includes the series winding 51, a metal core 63 and a pivoted armature 64 which carries the contact 61. The current flowing from the battery 38 through the winding 51 to furnish the excess demand of the line 39 magnetizes the core 63 sufficiently to cause the core to draw the armature 64 to the core, thereby closing contacts 61 and 62. The -closing of contacts 61 and 62 allows current to flow from the battery 38 to a coil 66 of starting switch 65. The starting switch 65 includes a magnet coil 66, a metal core 67, and a pivoted armature 68 which carries a Contact 69. The current flowing from the battery 38 through the coil 66 magnetizes the core 67 to draw the armature 68 upwardly to the core 67 to engage contact 69 with a contact 70. The circuit from the battery 38 through the coil 66 is as follows: battery 38, wire 40, wire 71, bi-metallic blade 72, bi# metallic thermostatic blade 73, wire 74, contacts 62 and 61, wire 75, wire 76, coil 66, wire 77, wire 78, fuse 80, wire 54, ammeter 55, wire 56. The closing of contacts 69 and 70 establishes a cranking circuit between the battery and dynamo which is as follows: battery 38, wire 40, series winding 41 of the control 37, wire 42, wire 43, winding 83 of the control 36, wire 84, series eld winding 25, wire 85, dynamo 22, wire 86, contacts and 69, wire 87, series winding 88 of a reverse current relay 89, fuse 80, wire 54, ammeter 55 and wire 56. The current flowing through the series winding 88 of the reverse current relay 89 during cranking is adapted to magnetize the frame of relay 89 including side plates 90 and. 91 whereby said plates 90 and 91 will be north and south poles respectively. The relay 89 also includes a rocking armature 92 having a shunt winding 93, which winding is connected across the battery 38. The circuit from the battery 38 through the shunt winding 93 is yas follows: battery 38, wire 40, wire 71, blade 72, blade 73, wire 74, contact 62, wire 81, shunt winding 93, wire 82, contacts '70 and 69, wire 87, series winding 88, fuse 80,

wire 54, ammeter 55 and wire 56. The armature 92 includes side plates 94 and 95 which plates are adapted to be magnetized north and south poles respectively by said shunt winding 93. `When 'the current flows through the series winding 88 during cranking, like poles of the relay frame and armature will repel to cause the rocking armature 92 to be tipped to the left, as viewed in the drawing,

thereby engaging contact 96 with contact 97. The closing of contacts 96 and 97 allows current to flow from the battery through the following circuit baltery 38, wire 40, wire 71, blades 72 and 7 3, wire 74, contacts 62 and 61, wire 98, side plate 91 of the relay 89, armature 92, contacts 96 and 97, wire 99, wire 100, a shunt winding 101 of the starting switch relay 52 and also allows the current to How through the heating coil 102, wire 103, wire 104, wirel 87 winding 88, fuse 80, wire 54, ammeter 55, and wire 56. During cranking operation the current flows through the shunt winding 101 to cooperate with the series Winding 51 in holding the armature 64 to the core 63 to insure complete closing of the contacts 61 and 62.

The control 37 also includes a shunt winding 106, which winding is connected across the battery 38. The circuit from the battery 3 8 through the shunt winding 106 is as fol,- lows: battery 38, wire 40, wire 10.9, shunt winding 106, wire 110, Contact 111, armature 112 and frame 113 of a voltage limiting relay 114, wire 115, wire 86, contacts 70 and 69, wire 87, winding 88, fuse 80, wire 54, ammeter 55 and wire 56. When the prime mover 20 is cranking, the current from the battery flows through the series winding 41 and the shunt winding 106 Vin the same direction. During cranking and when the current is flowing in the same direction in the two windings 41v and 106, the series winding is adapted to cooperate with the shunt winding to raise the control plunger 117 upwardly to open the throttle 35, said plunger being operatively connected with the throttle 35. The combined elort of these two windings tends toopen the throttle 35 to its fullest extent which is desirable for good starting. Thel flow of current through the magnet coil 83 of the control 36 tends to raise the control plunger 118 upwardly, which plunger carries the choke 34. The upward movement of the plunger 118 will cause the choke 34 to shut oil` the air passage 119, thus allowing a greater volume of gasoline to pass through the pipe 120 and into a carburetor. The control 36 is adapted to function for a short interval during starting operation, namely, only when a heavy demand is made on the battery 38 during cranking, and is rendered inoperative after the prime mover' becomes self-operative.

The closing of contacts 61 and 62 will conneet the ignition primary coil 30 with the plying ignition thereto and cranking by the starting series Held 25 of the dynamo 22.

If the prime mover 22 should not start 'cie I102. While the engine-is 'cranking current is passing through thisfresistance unit, as previously described, and subjects the blade 73 to an increase of temperature. If the cranking of the engine should continue for an, abnormal period, for example one to two mi'nutes, the thermostatic blade 73 will be heated suiiciently to cause it to bow to the rightas viewed in the drawing, until the flanged end 125 moves tothe right far enough to break its engagement with the blade 72 and is then retainedin a shoulder` 127 on the non-conducting block 123 by the downward movement of the blade 72. The sepa- -rationvof blades 72 and 73 will interrupt the flow of the current to the heating coil 102 of the cranking cut-out 121, tothe ignition coil, and to the coil 66. When'coil 66 is deenergized, the armature A68 will descend by ravit to separate contact 69' from contact 0. hus the starting circuit will be interrupted. Y v During normal operation, when the prime mover becomes self-operative and attains a certain speed the dynamo will function as a differentially wound generator, the current fiowing from-the'dynamo to the battery over the cranking circuit. The currentflowing through the series winding 88 of the reverse current relay 89 will be reversed from that during cranking. sincethis winding 'is in series with the dynamo 22 and battery 38. This causes a reversal of magnetism in the rela side' plates 90 and, 91, and consequently the ike lpole of the armature side plates will be move away from the like poleof the relay side plates and the unlike pole of the arma- -ture willibe attracted to the unlike pole of the relay side plates causing the armature 92 to pivot and to separate contact 96 from contact 97 and cause 'contact 130 to engage contact 131. `Thus the flow of current through the heating coi1 l02 and winding 101 of relay 52 will be interrupted, the contactsof rela 52 being then controlled entirely by win in 51.

he closing of contacts 130 and 131 allows current to flow from the dynamo 22 to a series shorting switch 132 which is adapted to engage contact 133 with contact 44. The series shorting switch 132 includes magnet coil 134, a metal core 135 and a pivoted armature 136 which carries the contact 133. The current from the dynamo 22 through the magnet coil 134 is as follows: dynamo 22, wire 85, winding 25, wire 84, coil 83, wire 43, wire 42, wiriding 41, wire 40, wire 71, blade 72, blade 73, wire 74, contacts 62 and 61, wire 98, armature 92, contacts 130 and 131, wire 138, coil 134, wire 104, 'wire 87, winding 88, fuse 80, wire 54 ammeter55, and wire 56.

The closmg of `contacts 133 and` 44 allows the current to flow from the brush 24 of the dynamo 22 through the wire 140 to contact 44, and thus short circuits the series field 25 ofthe dynamo 22 and the choke coil 83 of thecontrol 36, since the wire 140 offers less resistance than the circuit through the series field 25 and coil 83.

.The dynamo then functions asa shunt.

wound generator and supplies current to the translating devices 49 in the work circuit and supplies charging current to the battery 38.

follows: dynamo22, wire 140, contacts 133 and 44,-wires 45, contacts 46 and 47, wire 48, translating devices 49, wire 50, winding 51,' wire 53, fuse 80, series'winding 88, wire 87, contacts 69 and 70 and wire 86. lThe flow of current from the dynamo 22 through the battery charging circuit is as follows: dynamo 22, wire 140, contacts 133 and 44, wire 43, wire 42, series winding 41, wire 40, battery 38, wire' 56, ammeter 55., wire 54, fuse 80,

series winding 88, wire 87, contacts 69 and 70,

and wire 86.

When the dynamo 20 is operative to supply' current to the battery 38 and the line 39, the flow of current through the series winding 41 of the control 37 is reversed from that during cranking. The series winding 41 then tends to draw the plunger 117 downwardly to close the throttle 35. Since the shunt winding 106 of the control 37 is connected across the battery the current always Hows through this winding in the same direction, therefore the shunt winding 106 will always tend to raise the plunger 117 upwardly to open the throttle 35. In actual practice the series winding 41 is wound around the.' shunt winding 106, but for the sake of illustration the shunt winding 106 is shown above the series winding 41.

The cont-rol 37 also includes a coiled spring 142, interposed between the upper portion of The flow of current from the dynamo 22 through the work circuit is as lli) the plunger 117 and the control housing 143, 1

and includes a weight 144. The shunt wind- Ving 106 in tending to raise the plunger 117 plunger 117 will be moved upwardly or downwardly by a steady movement, depending upon the decrease or increase of current in the series winding 41, vwhich movement will be described more fully hereinafter.

The throttle 35 is adapted to be setvfor causing the prime mover 20, during its operation, to drive the dynamo 22 to supply a trickle charge of a. predetermined value to the battery 38, for example 15`amperes, when there is no load on the line 39. Since the throttle 35 is operatively connected with the plunger 117, the setting of the throttle 35 is made withrespect to the balancing point of the plunger 117, which balancing point is affected by the 15 amperes flowing through the series winding 41 which tends to draw the plunger 117 downwardly and the shunt winding 106 tending to oppose the series winding 41 until the vplunger is balanced.

W'hen the dynamo 22 is operative to supply a trickle charge of 15 amperes to the battery, the placing of a load demand on the line of approximately 10 amperes, for example, will reduce the trickle charge to the battery to approximately 5 amperes since the battery charging circuit and the work circuit are connected in parallel, and because the work circuit oii'ers less resistance than the circuit through the battery 38. The series winding 41 of the control 37 being connected in the battery charging circuit, a reduction of trickle charge will reduce the ampere turns in this winding. The shunt winding 106 of the control 37, being' connected across the battery 38, the ampere turns of this winding will remain substantially constant. By reducing the magnetic strength of the series winding 41 when suoli load is added across the line, the shunt winding 106 will tend'to raise the plunger to a pointV above the balancing point obtained as previously described. This upward movement of the plunger 117 opens the throttle to such extent as will cause the pri-me mover 20 to drive the dynamo 22 to supply current in accordance with the load demand on the line 39 and provide for a proper trickle charge to the battery 38.

If .the spring 142 or its equivalent were not provided and if an increase across the line 39 be applied, the plunger 117 would be raised quickly by the magnet winding 106 opening the throttle to its fullest extent causing the engine to race. Then a heavy current would be impressed on series winding 41 which tend to close the throttle 35 and decrease the speed of the prime mover. In other words, the flow of current would fiuctuae considerable and affect the load across the line and the charge to the battery. The spring 142 resists the upward movement of the plunger 117 so that lthe speed of the engine is gradually increased to its necessary sperl and thus remains at the desired position. The arrangement of the throttle control including the spring 142' is such that the charge to the battery gradually decreases as the load across the line increases, the spring 142 gradually increases its opposing force to the shunt winding 106 as the load on the line increases.

As the load demand on the line 39 is reduced the trickle charge immediately increases and the strength of the series Winding "41 increases and tends to close the throttle 35 until the speed of the prime mover 20 is just enough to drive the dynamo 22 to furnish the proper trickle 'charge to the battery and the load demand to the line 39. Thus the series winding 41 opposes the shunt winding 106 to properly `regulate the speed of the prime mover 20, the output of the dynamo 22 and the iiow of current through the battery charging circuit and the work circuit in accordance with the load demand on the work circuit.

lVhen it is desired to set the throttle 35 forh allowing a trickle charge of a predetermined value to the battery 38 and there is no load demand on the line 39 for rendering the prime mover 20 opera ive, a locking device 150 may be manually operated to engage contact 61 with Contact 62 to complete the necessary electrical circuits for starting the prime mover 20. The locking device 150 includes a plunger 151, cross rod 152 which is pivoted at 153, said cross-rod having an arm 154 secured thereto, and a locking clasp 155. The downward movement of the arm 154 will cause the plunger 151 to urge the armature 64 upwardly to engage contact 61 with contact 62. The locking clasp 155 is adapted to receive the arm 154 on its downward movement, and will retain the arm 154 to hold the device in osition to prevent contact 61 from becoming separated from contact 62.

The locking device 150 is also used to complete the necessary electrical circuits for rendering the prime mover 20 operative to drive a mechanical load.

When there is a mechanical load applied on the prime mover 20 during its operation, the speed of the prime mover will be reduced in accordance with such load demand, thereby reducing the output ofthe dynamo 22 and consequently the value of the current through the series winding 41. By reducing the value of the current through the series winding 41 the ampere turns of this winding will be reduced. Thus the shunt winding 106 will tend to raise the plunger 117 to open the throttle 35 to accelerate the prime mover 20 in accordance with themechanical load demand on the prime mover. As the load de mand reduces the speed of the prime mover will immediately increase. As the speed of the prime mover 20 is regulated in accordance with the mechanical load demand, likewise the output of the dynamo will be regulated to supply a charging current to the battery 38. By a mechanical load is meant the operation of a-work machine such as afeed grinder or water pump directly by the shaft 21 of the prime mover 20.

The voltage limiting relay 114 is adapted to automatically operate in response to a reydetermined voltage of the battery 38 to place a resistance 145 in series with the shunt. windi ing 1060i the control 37 in order to decrease v 1.0 the speed of the engine when th battery voltage -is relatively high. The volta e limitingl relay 114 includes the frame 113 aving the l pivoted armature 112 connected therewith, a

magnetic coil 146 having its ends connected us'across the battery 38 and a metal core 147.

When the voltage of the battery attains a predetermined high value the current in the coil 146 will magnetize the core 147 sullcient- 1y to draw the pivoted armature 112 upward- 2 ly, thereby disengaging the armature 112- from the contact 111.

The disengagement of the armature 112 from the contact 111 places the resistance 145 in series with the shunt winding 106. This resistance 145 tends to decrease the effectiveness of the shunt winding 106 causing the engine to be throttled to' bthe scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. An electrical generating system comprising, in combination, a prime mover, a throttle for said prime mover, a storage battery, electrical apparatus, a circuit between the battery and electrical ap aratus, said electrical apparatus being a apted to be driven by said rime mover for supplying -current to said circuit, a shunt winding connected across the battery tending to open said throttle, and voltage responsive means for controlling the effectiveness of said winding.

2. An electrical generating system comprising in combination a prime mover, la throttle for said prime mover, a storage battery, electrical apparatus operatively connected with the prime mover, a circuit between the battery and electrical a params,

and an velectroinagi'iet for contro ing said throttle, said electromagnet includinga shunt winding connected across the battery tendingto open said throttle.

3. An electrical generating system comprising inv combination a prime `mover, a I throttle for said prime mover, a storage bat ltery, electrical apparatus operatively connectedwith the prime mover, a circuit be 5 tween the battery and electrical apparatus,

said electrical apparatus being adapted to be l driven by said prime mover for supplying current to said circuit, and an electromagnet for controllin said throttle, said electromagnet including ashunt winding connected across the battery and tending to open said throttle and a series winding connected in said circuit opposin said shunt winding and tending to close sai throttle.

4. An electrical generating system comprising in combination a -prime mover, a throttle for said prime mover, a storage battery, electrical apparatus, a circuit betweensaidbattery and electrical apparatus for supplying current to said apparatus for rendering said prime mover operative, and an electromagnet for controlling Said throttle including a shunt winding connected sacross said battery and tending to open said throttle and a series winding connected in said circuit cooperating with said shunt winding and tending to open said throttle when current is being supplied to said electrical apparatus.

5. An electrical generating system comprisin in combination a prime mover, a thrott e for said prime mover, a storagev battery, electrical apparatus, a circuit between said battery and electrical/ apparatus for supplying current to said apparatus for renderin said prime mover operative to drive said e ect-rical apparatus to supply current to said circuit, and an electromagnet for controlling said throttle including a shunt winding connected across said battery and tending to open said throttle, and a rseries winding connected inV said circuit cooperating with said shunt winding and tending to o en said throttle when current is being supp ied to said electrical apparatus, said series winding opposing said shunt winding and tending to close said throttle'when current is being supplied to said circuit.

6. An electrical generating system comprising in combination a prime mover, a throttle for said prime mover, a storage battery, electrical apparatus operatively connected with` the prime mover, a circuit' between the battery and electrical apparatus, said electrical apparatus being adapted to be driven by said prime mover for supplying current to said circuit, an electromagnet for controlling said throttle including a shunt winding connected across the battery and te'nding to open said throttle, and a series winding connected in said circuit opposing said shunt winding and tending to close said throttle, and voltage responsive means for controlling the eectiveness of said shunt winding.

7. An electrical generating system coinprising in combination a prime mover, a throttle for said prime mover, a storage battery, electrical apparatus, a circuit between the battery and electrical apparatus, said Jelectrical apparatus being a pted to be driven by said prime mover for supplying current to said circuit, an electromagnet for controlling said throttle, said electromagnet including a shunt Winding connected across said battery and tending to open said throttle, a resistance adapted to be connected in series with said shunt winding for controlling the effectiveness of said Winding, and voltage responsive means for controlling said resistance.

In testimony whereof we hereto affix our signatures. ERNEST DICKEY.

FRANK F. STARR. 

